幻景心流--本真的自我价值认定

文/张长收

Mental Flow about Illusion - Authentic Self-worth Identification

By Zhang Changshou

吕佩尔茨曾言：“艺术是为对它感兴趣的人而生的，不感兴趣的人是不幸的。” 这句话对于痴爱艺术的张旭东而言，他无疑是幸运的。

Luppelz once said： "Art is for those who are interested in it， and those who are not are unfortunate." For Zhang Xudong's sake， who loves art， ， it undoubtedly means luckiness.

艺术家张旭东一直以一种具有视觉张力的表现主义创作手段，同时融合了个体经验的社会阅历和情感积淀，建立了独特的极具个人风格的视觉识别系统。他的画面中既有现实中的物象，又与现实保持一定距离，不会陷入一种限定和狭隘的社会背景中，这需要艺术家摒弃周遭他者僵硬的态度和陈旧的偏见，保持本真的自我。正如马丁·海德格尔（Martin Heidegger）所提出的“本真的自我（Authentic self）”其内核就是个体对自己的生理状态、心理状态、人际关系及社会角色的真实认知。

Artist Zhang Xudong established a unique and highly personal style of visual identity system by always using a creative practice from expressionism in a kind of visual tension，meanwhile integrating individual social experience and emotional accumulation. In his paintings， there are both objects in reality and a certain distance from the reality. His paintings will not stuck in a limited and narrow social background， which requires the artist to abandon the rigid attitude and the obsolete prejudice from others around him so as to maintain his authentic self. As proposed by Martin Heidegger， the core of "Authentic Self" is an individual's real cognition of his physical state， psychological state， interpersonal relationship and social role.

张旭东创作的风景系列作品并非单纯意义上的写生，虽然他面对的是大自然，但不是具体地描绘大自然的物态，更多的是情感上的抒发和宣泄，只不过大自然提供了一个极佳的创作场域，能够使艺术家能够快速地进入心流状态。因此，张旭东所向往的风景倾向于自我内心的演映，与大卫·霍克尼的创作初衷有相似之处。被誉为“英国艺术教父”之称的大卫·霍克尼创作了大量的风景作品，而且他认为：“过时的不是风景，而是你观看自然的方式，你的绘画方式。”大卫·霍克尼在绘画情境中找到了一条通向实现自我的路径，“你的目的地是那里的时候才会去那里，因此，在这里我能完全无干扰地画画。”其实他创作时追求的就是一种心流状态，一种本真的自我价值认定。

The series of landscape works created by Zhang Xudong are not sketches from nature in a simple sense. Although he is faced with nature， they are not specific descriptions of the physical state of nature， but more emotional expression and catharsis. However， nature provides an excellent creative field that enables artists to quickly enter the state of mental flow. Therefore， the landscape that Zhang Xudong yearns for tends to reflect his inner self， which is similar to the original intention of David Hockney's creative practices. David Hockney， known as the "Godfather of British Art"， created a large number of landscapes and said： "It's not the landscape that is outdated， it's the way you look at nature， the way you paint." David Hockney found a path to self-actualization in the context of painting， "You only go there when your destination is there， so HERE I can paint completely without interference." In fact， what he pursues when practicing is a state of mental flow， as well as an authentic self-worth identification.

虽然，张旭东与大卫·霍克尼地创作技巧不同，但是所追求的生命状态和心理感知可以说是殊途同归。风景在张旭东色彩奔放、笔触肆意的概括下，已经超越了物象具体的或原本的视觉魅力，艺术家将现实中的物象解构之后，在极其专注的心流状态下，快速重构出一种印象派式的画面，色彩与线条的不同组合也就构成一件件色彩斑斓、形式各异的风景作品。在我们观看风景作品时，画面所带给观者的景感是非常重要的，作品的笔触、肌理、色彩、构图等多种因素共同构成了画面的景感。这种景感会在我们脑海中留下印迹，虚幻而又真实。

Although the creation skills of Zhang Xudong and David Hockney are different， their pursuit of life state and psychological perception can be said that it is the same way to go. The scenery after Mr. Zhang's generalization with bold and unrestrained color and wanton stroke has been beyond the object's specific or visual charming. After the deconstruction of the real object， the artist is under an extremely focused state of mental flow， he will quickly refactor those pieces of colorful， diverse landscape works with an impressionist style of about picture， color and the different combination of lines . When we watch these landscape works， the sense of scenery brought by the picture is very important to the viewers. The brushstroke， texture， color， composition and other factors of the works together constitute the sense of scenery. This sense of scenery will leave a mark in our minds， unreal as well as real.

幻景是表象，是感性认识的第三个层次，心流是真实状态，是链接本质的路径，而最终实现的是本真的自我价值认定。心流（Mental flow）是西方科学家米哈里·契克森米哈赖（Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi）最早提出的心理学概念，是指一种人们在专注进行某行为时所表现的心理状态。通常在这样的状态下，艺术家在创作时不愿被打扰，是一种将个人精神力完全投注在某种活动上的感觉。而且，心流产生的同时会伴随着高度的兴奋感与充实感。

The illusion is the representation and the third level of perceptual knowledge. Mental flow is the real state and the path to link the essence， and the ultimate realization is the authentic self-worth identification. Mental flow is a psychological concept first proposed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi， a Western scientist. It refers to a mental state that people show when they are focusing on a certain behavior. Usually in such a state， the artist does not want to be disturbed when creating， which is a feeling of devoting his mental energy to some kind of activity. Moreover， mental flow is accompanied by a high degree of excitement and fulfillment.

因此，张旭东在心流状态下创作的“幻景”可以理解为在物象背后精神层面本真的自我价值认定，其内在逻辑是通过个体的私密性感知，借助艺术的载体传达表象下的深层反思。

Therefore， the "Illusion" created by Zhang Xudong in the state of mental flow can be understood as the authentic self-worth identification in the spiritual level behind the images， and its internal logic is to convey the deep reflection under the representation through the individual's privacy perception by the carrier of art.